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1.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389723

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Las dismorfosis dentofaciales (DDF) corresponden a un conjunto de alteraciones en la forma, posición o tamaño de los huesos maxilares. La cirugía ortognática es el tratamiento quirúrgico de elección para tratar este tipo de alteraciones, permitiendo la reposición de los maxilares y restitución de las funciones masticatorias, fonéticas y respiratorias, así como la estética facial. Objetivo: Describir resultados posoperatorios y el grado de satisfacción de los pacientes que optaron por la cirugía ortognática durante los años 2011-2018 por el equipo de Cirugía Maxilofacial del Hospital San José. Material y Método: Estudio retrospectivo, se evaluaron los protocolos operatorios de 44 pacientes operados de cirugía ortognática. Criterio de inclusión: pacientes mayores de 15 años con diagnóstico de DDF clases II y III no asociado a síndrome craneofacial. Se aplicó una encuesta a estos pacientes para conocer el grado de satisfacción con respecto a la cirugía ortognática efectuada, presencia de pérdida de sensibilidad neurológica y localización anatómica de ésta si la hubiese. Posteriormente, se relacionaron las variables género, edad del paciente al momento de la cirugía, pérdida de sensibilidad neurológica, tiempo de evolución posoperatorio y clase esqueletal con el nivel de satisfacción del paciente respecto a la cirugía ortognática. Resultados: Un 90,9% de los pacientes está satisfecho con los resultados de la cirugía. No existe una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el grado de satisfacción con la cirugía ortognática y las variables, sexo, edad de operación, pérdida de sensibilidad neurológica (del nervio mentoniano, que da inervación sensitiva al tejido blando del mentón, labio inferior, encía por vestibular de incisivos, canino y primer premolar inferior), tiempo de evolución posterior a la cirugía y clase esqueletal. Conclusión: Existe un alto nivel de satisfacción en los pacientes intervenidos mediante cirugía ortognática. Las cinco variables analizadas no influyen en el nivel de satisfacción de los pacientes posterior a la cirugía ortognática.


Abstract Introduction: Dentofacial deformities are a set of alterations in the shape, position or size of the maxillary bones. Orthognathic surgery is the surgical treatment of choice for this type of alterations, allowing the replacement of the maxillary and restitution of masticatory, phonetic and respiratory functions, as well as facial aesthetics. Aim: Describe post-operative results and level of satisfaction in patients who opted for orthognathic surgery during the years 2011-2018 by the Maxillofacial Surgery team of San José Hospital. Material and Method: Retrospective study, the surgical protocols of 44 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery were evaluated. Inclusion criteria: patients over 15 years old with diagnosis of DDF class II and III not associated with any craniofacial syndrome. A survey was applied to these patients to know the degree of satisfaction with respect to the orthognathic surgery carried out, the presence of loss of neurological sensitivity and its anatomical location, if any. Subsequently, the variables gender, patient age at the time of surgery, loss of neurological sensitivity, time of postoperative evolution and skeletal class were related to the level of satisfaction of patients with orthognathic surgery. Results: 90.9% of patients are satisfied with the results of the surgery. There is no statistically significant relationship between the level of satisfaction patients with orthognathic surgery and the variables, gender, age at the time of surgery, loss of neurological sensitivity (of the mentonian nerve, that gives sensitive innervation to the soft tissue of the chin, lower lip, gum by vestibular of incisors, canine and first lower premolar), time of postoperative evolution and skeletal class. Conclusion: There is a high level of satisfaction in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. The five variables analyzed do not influence the level of patient satisfaction after orthognathic surgery.

2.
Int. j. morphol ; 38(3): 787-792, June 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1098320

ABSTRACT

El bazo se localiza en el cuadrante superior izquierdo del abdomen, relacionándose posteriormente con la 9a a 11a costilla, de las que se separa por el diafragma y el receso costodiafragmático, se localiza por detrás del estómago y lateralmente al riñón izquierdo. Por alteraciones en su desarrollo pueden generarse bazos accesorios (BA), considerándose un tejido ectópico del bazo. Se consideran tejido normal, con los mismos procesos fisiológicos que el bazo principal. Con el propósito de localizar y determinar aspectos biométricos de los mismos, se realizó un estudio de corte transversal y de carácter descriptivo, sobre una muestra de 220 exámenes de TC pertenecientes a pacientes mayores de 18 años del Hospital Regional Hernán Henríquez Aravena, Temuco, Chile. Para este estudio se excluyeron toda aquellas TC con antecedentes de esplenectomía y lesiones de Bazo o peri-esplénicas. El análisis de los datos mostró una prevalencia de 32,3 % de BA, pudiendo ser de una única presencia, dos e incluso tres BA por paciente.De un total de 71 personas que tienen al menos un BA, 34 (47,89 %) fueron de sexo femenino y 37 (52,11 %) de sexo masculino. Hubo 56 pacientes (78,9 %) con un BA, 29 (40,85 %) del sexo femenino y 27 (38,03 %) del masculino; 15 (21,1 %) presentaron más de un BA, 5 (7,04 %) de sexo femenino y 10 (14,08 %) de sexo masculino, si bien se puede observar variación en la cantidad de BA según sexo, no existe una relación estadísticamente significativa entre dichas variables. La ubicación más frecuente encontrada en el plano axial fue la zona antero-medial con 59 casos (66,29 %); asimismo, en el plano sagital, la localización más frecuente fue en el polo inferior con 40 casos (44,44 %). Datos biométricos de estos BA son mostrados en Tablas. Esta información será de gran valor morfológico y médico debido a la escasa literatura existente sobre esta materia en individuos chilenos.


The spleen is located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen, subsequently related to the 9th to 11th rib, from which it is separated by the diaphragm and the cost-diaphragmatic recess, it is located behind the stomach and laterally to the left kidney. Due to alterations in its development, accessory spleens (AS) can be generated, being considered an ectopic tissue of the spleen. The AS are considered normal tissue, with the same physiological processes as the main spleen. With the purpose of locating and determining biometric aspects of them, a cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out on a sample of 220 CT scans belonging to patients over 18 years of age at the Hernán Henríquez Aravena Regional Hospital, Temuco, Chile. For this study, all CT scans with a history of splenectomy and spleen or peri-splenic lesions were excluded. The analysis of the data showed a prevalence of 32.3 % of AS, being able to be of a single presence, two and even three AS per patient. Of a total of 71 people who have at least one AS, 34 (47.89 %) were female and 37 (52.11 %) male. There were 56 patients (78.9 %) with a one AS, 29 (40.85 %) of the female sex and 27 (38.03 %) of the male; 15 (21.1 %) presented more than one AS, 5 (7.04 %) female and 10 (14.08 %) male, although variation in the amount of AS according to sex can be observed, no there is a statistically significant relationship between these variables. The most frequent location found in the axial plane was the anteromedial zone with 59 cases (66.29 %); also, in the sagittal plane, the most frequent location was in the lower pole with 40 cases (44.44 %). Biometric data of these AS are shown in tables. This information will be of great morphological and medical value due to the limited existing literature on this subject in Chilean individuals.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Spleen/abnormalities , Spleen/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Spleen/anatomy & histology , Chile , Sex Factors , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies
3.
Medwave ; 20(2): e7841, 31-03-2020.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1097785

ABSTRACT

El presente artículo indaga la aparición de dos instituciones de control de la higiene pública en Chile entre los años 1879 y 1920: los protomedicatos y lazaretos. El objeto de estudio utiliza como caso la presencia de la viruela en La Araucanía. Se abordan las características y contexto que adquirió la instalación de estos dispositivos que permitieron al Estado de Chile operacionalizar el asunto de la higiene pública, lo que interpeló a los profesionales de la salud para avanzar a mayores niveles de perfeccionamiento del ejercicio profesional de la medicina. El Estado liberal positivista de fines de siglo XIX comprendió que el tema de la higiene no era solamente una cuestión de responsabilidad individual, sino que tenía una dimensión social, pública y medio ambiental. No sólo había personas que eran higiénicas, sino también ambientes higiénicos y antihigiénicos. Por tanto, se estudia la higiene, el tribunal del protomedicato, la hoja sanitaria, lazaretos, médicos y vacunadores; quienes estuvieron en permanente tensión con las autoridades del gobierno central debido a los insuficientes recursos proporcionados por el Estado para la atención de los enfermos contagiados con viruela. El estudio se orienta desde una metodología cualitativa con un diseño historiográfico con alcances descriptivos densos. Se han utilizado fuentes primarias y secundarias disponibles en archivos en Chile y Alemania. Los resultados evidencian que la presencia de viruela apareció violentamente en el centro sur de Chile en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y permaneció en la Araucanía hasta la primera mitad del siglo XX. La violencia con que se desarrolló la viruela generó miedo e incertidumbre afectando a personas de diferentes clases sociales, y tuvo como una de sus causas principales las precarias condiciones de salubridad de la población.


This article investigates the emergence of two institutions for the control of public hygiene in Chile between 1879 and 1920: colleges of royal physicians and isolation hospitals using the case of smallpox in La Araucanía, a region located in the South of Chile. We cover the characteristics and context of these institutions that allowed the State of Chile to address the problems of public hygiene and to prompt health professionals to professionalize the practice of medicine. The liberal positivist state of the late nineteenth century understood that the issue of hygiene was not only a matter of individual responsibility but had a social, public, and environmental dimension. People practiced hygiene alongside the existence of hygienic and anti-hygienic environments. Therefore, hygiene, the royal colleges of physicians, health records, isolation hospitals, doctors, and vaccinators are studied. All of these components of the health care system of the time were in permanent tension with the central government authorities due to the insufficient resources provided by the state for the care of infected patients with smallpox. The study follows a qualitative methodology with a descriptive historiographic design. We used archival primary and secondary sources available in Chile and Germany. The results show that the presence of smallpox appeared ferociously in South-Central Chile in the second half of the 19th century and remained in La Araucanía until the first half of the 20th century. The extent to which smallpox spread, spawning fear and insecurity in people of different social classes, had as one of its leading causes the precarious conditions of health and hygiene of the population.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Smallpox/prevention & control , Smallpox/transmission , Smallpox/epidemiology , Hygiene/history , Chile/epidemiology , Delivery of Health Care , Hospitals, Isolation/history
4.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 27(1): 7-15, mar. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-592049

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de cuantificar y caracterizar la carga polínica en la ciudad de Temuco, entre los años 2006-2009. Para el muestreo aerobiológico se utilizó un captador volumétrico Burkard Seven Day Volumetric Spore-Trap®. Las muestras obtenidas fueron analizadas semana tras semanas durante el período en estudio. Con los resultados del conteo polínico semanal se determinaron las 11 principales especies de flora urbana anemófilas de Temuco más susceptibles de producir polinosis. Las mayores concentraciones de polen se obtienen entre septiembre y marzo, siendo las especies más importantes: Pastos (Gramineae/Poaceae), Ciprés (Cupressus sp) y Acedera (Rumex sp).


The aim of this study was to quantify and to characterize the amount ofpollen in the atmosphere of the city of Temuco, Chile from 2006 to 2009. Aerobiological sampling was carried out by using a Seven Day Volumetric Spore-Trap Burkard and the samples were analyzed weekly during the period of study. Results: We determined the 11 principal anemophilus species of urban flora in Temuco responsible for pollinosis. The highest concentration ofpollen were present from september till march, being the most important species the Grasses (Gramineae/Poaceae), Cypress (Cupressus sp), and Sorrell (Rumex sp.).


Subject(s)
Humans , Allergens/analysis , Pollen , Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal , Chile , Environmental Pollutants , Seasons , Urban Area
5.
J Cancer Res Ther ; 2008 Jul-Sep; 4(3): 116-20
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-111489

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The consequences of a diagnosis of head and neck cancer and the impact of treatment have a clear and direct influence on well-being and associated quality of life (QOL) in these patients. AIMS: To determine the QOL in head and neck cancer patients following a partial glossectomy operation. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional cohort study; Head and Neck Oncology Unit, tertiary referral center. Materials and METHODS: 38 patients with partial glossectomy were assessed with the University of Washington head and neck quality of life (UW-QOL) scale, version 4. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences 10.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago version III). Information from the scale was correlated using the Mann Whitney test. A P value less than/equal to 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS: The mean (sd) composite score of the QOL in our series was 73.6 (16.1). The majority (71.8%) quoted their QOL as good or very good. Swallowing (n = 16, 47.1%), speech (n = 15, 44.1%) and saliva (n = 15, 44.1%) were most commonly cited issues over the last 7 days. On the other hand, the groups with reconstruction, neck dissection, complications and radiotherapy demonstrated a significant reduction of quality of life scores (Mann Whitney test, P < 0.005). CONCLUSION: The composite score and overall QOL as assessed using the UW-QOL scale (version 4) were modestly high in our series of partial glossectomy patients. Swallowing, speech, and saliva are regarded as the most important issues. Stage of the disease, neck dissection, reconstruction, complications, radiotherapy and time since operation were seen to significantly affect domain scores.


Subject(s)
Age Factors , Glossectomy/adverse effects , Head and Neck Neoplasms/complications , Humans , Oral Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/psychology , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires
6.
J Postgrad Med ; 2005 Oct-Dec; 51(4): 253-8; discussion 258-9
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-116171

ABSTRACT

AIM: To obtain information about valved speech and related issues in patients who have undergone total laryngectomy with the help of a new structured questionnaire on voice prosthesis. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A questionnaire-based pilot study set at a tertiary referral head and neck cancer unit. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients using voice prostheses, who showed no signs of recurrence after having undergone total laryngectomy were interviewed with the help of a questionnaire that assessed issues such as voice quality, valve maintenance, leakage, quality of life, humidification and hands-free system over the preceding seven days. The data was analyzed using non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney and Spearman rank). RESULTS: Twenty-five patients (16 males) with a median age of 65 years (IQ range: 59-70 years) had been using the prosthesis for a median of 6 years (IQ range: 5-10 years). The majority of the patients (n=20) were fully informed about their valve size and diameter and most were able to remove and replace their own prosthesis. Fourteen patients (60%) had leakage-related issues. Women were less satisfied with their voice quality as compared to men. Overall, there appeared to be an improvement in quality of life with the use of the voice prosthesis. CONCLUSIONS: The subjects were fairly well informed about their valve and experienced a high level of satisfaction with their voice. This questionnaire serves as a valuable tool for monitoring voice rehabilitation in patients who have undergone laryngectomy.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , United Kingdom , Humans , Laryngectomy , Larynx, Artificial , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Satisfaction , Pilot Projects , Prospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Voice Quality
7.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. Univ. Chile ; 15(2): 34-40, jul.-dic. 1997. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-233063

ABSTRACT

Se estudió un grupo de 18 pacientes portadores de una dismorfosis dentoesqueletal clase II, con el objeto de determinar un tipo de relación entre retrognatismo y postura cervical. Usamos telerradiografías de perfil tomadas en posición habitual de cabeza, utilizando los análisis cefalométricos de Delaire y Solow. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron concluir que existe una relación directa entre la posición retruída mandibular que presentan los pacientes con dismorfosis dentoesqueletal clase II y la postura cervical, determinando que entre más posterior es la posición mandibular, mayor es la extensión anterior de la columna cervical


Subject(s)
Humans , Posture , Retrognathia/complications , Vertical Dimension , Cephalometry , Retrognathia/etiology , Teleradiology
8.
Vet. Méx ; 28(4): 359-63, oct.-dic. 1997. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-227423

ABSTRACT

Durante el periodo de julio de 1996 a junio de 1997 las clínicas ambulatorias del programa International Donkey protection Trust (IDPT)- International League For Protection Of Horses (ILPH)-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), continuaron desarrollando su labor en comunidades rurales de los estados de Puebla, Tlaxcala, Guerrero, Guanajuato, Oaxaca, Hidalgo, Estado de México, Michoacán y Distrito Federal. Se trataron 17 735 animales, entre burros, caballos y mulas, de éstos se atendieron 21 505 condiciones patológicas diferentes. Se continuó trabajando sobre la problemática que prevalece en la plaza ganadera del puente de San Bernabé, Almoloya de Juárez, Estado de México, obteniendo una mejor respuesta por parte de las autoridades del municipio y por comerciantes, pero falta mucho por hacer. Se realizaron dos concursos del "Animal Mejor Cuidado", uno en Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl y otro en el estado de Puebla. Los dos veterinarios responsables de las unidades ambulatorias fueron invitados por los dirigentes de las organizaciónes inglesas a conocer su forma de trabajar y sus instalaciones en Inglaterra. El programa participó en el Congreso Nacional de Médicos Veterinarios Especialistas en Equinos que se llevó a cabo en la ciudad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, y en el Seminario Nacional de Tracción Animal, este último realizado en las instalaciones de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Los estudiantes continuaron participando con el programa a través del servicio social, especialidad en la modalidad de equinos, prácticas de campo y trabajo voluntario


Subject(s)
Veterinary Medicine/economics , Veterinary Medicine/organization & administration , Veterinary Medicine , Veterinarians , Annual Report , Hospitals, Animal , Mexico
9.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 124(1): 70-6, ene. 1996. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-173306

ABSTRACT

The genus enterococcus has 12 species of which, E faecalis and E faecium are most important in human infections. A progressive resistance to penicillin and ampicillin has been detected in these species. The aim of this work was to identify Enterococcus species isolated in a hospital and to study their antimicrobial susceptibility. We studied 209 Enterococcus species coming from patients admitted to a public hospital. Their susceptibility to penicillin, ampicillin, imipenem, vancomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin and streptomycin was determined with the agar dilution technique. Eighty seven percent of species were E faecalis and 7,1 percent were E fecium, other isolated species were E hirae, E casseliflaws, E avium, E solitarius and E faecalis variant. 38 percent of these species were isolated from the urinary tract, 22 percent from the skin and 14 percent from surgical wounds. All E faecalis species were susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, imipenem and vancomycin; 27,3 percent were susceptible to tetracycline, 54,7 percent to chloramphenicol and 80 percent to ciprofloxacin. Seventy three percent of E faecium species were susceptible to penicillin, 80 percent to ampicillin and 60 percent to imipenem. 62 percent of E faecalis and 42.4 percent of E faecium were resistant to streptomycin. It is concluded that the correct identification of Enterococcus species has therapeutic implications


Subject(s)
Enterococcus/pathogenicity , In Vitro Techniques , Penicillins/pharmacokinetics , Tetracycline/pharmacokinetics , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Vancomycin/pharmacokinetics , Ciprofloxacin/pharmacokinetics , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Chloramphenicol/pharmacokinetics , Imipenem/pharmacokinetics , Enterococcus/isolation & purification , Enterococcus/drug effects , Ampicillin/pharmacokinetics
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